Abstract:
The lives’ courses of the key persons in Goethe's Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship and in Stendhal’s Le Rouge et le Noir provide different perspectives in the process of education regarding the societies they live in. The concept of education (german Bildung) appears in the novels in an already secular meaning beyond the original imitation notion of the term, and it implies the man’s formation, in which the development of inner powers of the hero is fostered, when each one finds his own path either by one’s free will or by fate (or a third party’s influence) despite obstacles and due to fortunate events.
Wilhelm Meister and Julien Sorel, protagonists, have a story that was partly determined by their decisions, and partly by the surrounding events. The development of each story corresponds to their individuality, but their refinement leads each of the heroes to different places in society. The concluding circumstances of both protagonists differ after the recognition of their progressively refined principles and the acceptance of their following consequences. Julien is condemn to death at the end of the book, while Wilhelm returns to society and seems satisfied with his final position. Regarding the conditions of a Bildungsroman, it emerges the question: how have Wilhelm and Julien as heroes of these education novels formed considering their educational resources, such as the theater, the Tower Society, the drive for social prestige and superiority, etc., provided that in their lives formation has taken place?
In the present work, this problem is analyzed in both protagonists after a brief overview of education and its expression. A parallel review of the key events in their lives, including the socially and historically relevant factors in Julien and William’s altruistic inclination to the world of acting, will serve as an introduction to the teleological interpretation of the hero and the role of fate. The completeness of both characters and their position before error and the odds on their paths will eventually lead in the analysis and contrast the events of each hero to the problem’s solution: Both William and Julien embody an educational idea that share a common principle in spite of the distance of their endpoints. This principle is to fulfill the deepest desires, which, even if they are unknown, provide satisfaction or peace of mind to the hero, who would be thus successfully formed or educated in his condition. To assume the consequences of their actions, i.e., their action’s responsibility, leads them -as modern heroes- to embody new attitudes of the Individual in the society, since the scope of their education matches with the depth and impact their freedom.