Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Malignant soft tissue sarcomas of the skin are rare tumour entities with a high tendency to local recurrence and metastasis. Surgery is still the principal therapeutic means in treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. Conventional surgery is based on horizontal histological evaluations, however leaves diagnostic gaps. The introduction of Mohs micrographic lead to more specific detection of subclinical spreads and following re-excisions through histological examination of serial horizontal wound margins. Breuninger et al.(1988) later introduced the technique of complete three-dimensional histology including the basis with paraffin sections which is now called 3D-histology.
OBJECTIVE: Purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term follow-up, the clinicopathological characteristics and the microscopically growth pattern of malignant soft tissue sarcomas of the skin in patients treated by surgery with 3D-histology at the Department of Dermatology at the University of Tübingen.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of 131 patients with diagnosis of malignant soft tissue sarcoma of the skin that have been treated by surgery and 3D-histology at our department since 1982 have been reviewed and included. The diagnosis of malignant soft tissue sarcoma of the skin included histology of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP), malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH), liposarcoma(LS) or rhabdo-/ leiomyosarcoma. A questionnaire to the current medical state has been mailed or in case of non response patients were questioned by phone. Data from patients treated since 1992 were collected prospectively and evaluated for the distribution of clinicopathological values.
RESULTS: The tumour histology was DFSP(91 patients), MFH(34 patients), LS(four patients) and leio-/rhabdomyosarcoma(2 patients). The group of LS was discussed in form of case reports and excluded from statistical evaluations.
The analysis of the histological growth of 34 DFSP and 11 MFH shows an asymmetrical growth pattern with a wide spectrum of horizontal or vertical extension either cord-, sector- or multiple-like up to 60 mm in length, detectable by 3D-histology. Age and localisation was significant different between DFSP and MFH lesions. MFH tumours had a significant deeper infiltration, mostly into periosteum, bone or cartilage and muscle than DFSP tumours mostly infiltrating the subcutaneous layer. In 91 patients with DFSP and a mean follow-up of 58 months one local recurrence after 62 months occurred, but no metastasis(5- and 10-year recurrence free survival of 100% and 96%). 34 patients with MFH and a mean follow-up of 62 months developed 8 local recurrences(29%), 4 of them distant metastasis(lymph nodes and/ or lungs) and 3 died of disease(survival 89%). All 3 patients had a postoperative status of R1(p= 0.001). In the group of LS(n= 4), one patient developed local recurrence 76 month after treatment and died of disease. No local recurrence was diagnosed in the remaining three patients. Two patients with leiomyosarcoma have been treated at our department. However, the predictable role of 3D-histolgy in treatment of these tumour entities is limited describable due to the small patient number.
CONCLUSION: Surgery with 3D-histology for the treatment of malignant soft tissue sarcomas of the skin resulted in lower recurrence rates, smaller excision margins and better tumour prognosis, especially in the treatment of DFSP and MFH tumours. It is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic means in sensitive detection of subclinical spreads and be considered as the method of choice in treatment of DFSP. However further studies of long-term follow-up in larger study populations are necessary to support these results.