Abstract:
As demographic change, especially in the western world, is marked by an everdecreasing
birth rate as well as an ever-growing life expectancy, our society becomes
increasingly “old”. As a result, cancer incidence, one of them being colorectal
cancer (CRC), increases and consequently becomes even more relevant
for public health in the future. As we learn more about the molecular mechanisms
behind cancer, we have to acknowledge that this disease has a rather heterogenous,
even a very individual pathogenesis. Consequently, a “one size fits all”-
approach regarding an effective therapy falls short.
To achieve this goal of personalized medicine, on the one hand, a representative
as well as practical tumor cell model has to be employed. Organoids, especially
patient derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) could be a promising tumor cell model
as they harbor individual molecular properties of each patient and grow in a threedimensional
manner, in contrast to conventional cell models.
Furthermore, immunotherapy seems to be a promising approach for cancer therapy.
This includes virotherapy, which makes use of the oncolytic properties of
viruses, which are further enhanced through genetic engineering. These oncolytic
viruses selectively infect neoplastic cells, replicate within them and finally destroy
them. This destruction and subsequent release of cell components leads to an
immunogenic systemic anti-tumor response. All of this is achieved while also
sparing normal cells, which makes this therapy approach even more elegant.
The aim of this thesis was to utilize PDTOs as a novel tumor cell model to create
individualized “virograms”, determining the best oncolytic virus for each patient
and thus creating a personalized approach regarding clinical usage.
Firstly, it could be shown, that infection as well as replication of oncolytic viruses
is possible in CRC-PDTOs. This has to date not been tested before and shows,
that further experiments regarding oncolytic virotherapy for CRCs can be conducted
using PDTOs in the future.
Furthermore, a personalized “virogram” for each PDTO was created, using a wide
range of different oncolytic viruses. Interestingly, all PDTOs tested were most
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susceptible to combination therapy of suicide-gene enhanced oncolytic viruses
and the pro-drug 5-FC, showing significant viability reductions. Nonetheless, they
also showed a heterogenous susceptibility regarding the other OVs. So in summary,
PDTOs showed a difference in tumor cell viability reduction between different
OVs but were still most susceptible when confronted with 5-FU.
When thinking about applying this in the clinical setting, more experiments regarding
safety concerns, a more efficient culture approach as well as in vivo efficiency
are needed. Nonetheless, taking all the aforementioned considerations
into account, oncolytic virotherapy, especially when tested with the usage of
PDTOs, seems to be a promising approach for cancer therapy in the future.