Abstract:
Curcuma longa L. is a traditional medicinal plant and spice containing a variety of lipophilic active substances with promising therapeutic properties [1]. For the purpose of this thesis, in a pressure and temperature range of 75–425 bar and 35–75 °C, the solvent properties of supercritical carbon dioxide were investigated when dried and milled Curcuma longa L. rhizomes were extracted [1]. The three main curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) together with the three main constituents of the essential oil (ar-turmerone, α-turmerone, and β-turmerone) were analysed in the resulting extracts [1]. For statistical evaluation, experiments were performed employing a full factorial design, in which flow rate, extraction time, and drug load were kept constant [1]. Within the given conditions, the experimental design revealed an optimum yield of all aforementioned substances when supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was performed at 425 bar and 75 °C [1]. For comparison, solvent extracts using methanol and n-hexane were prepared and their main components were characterized using LC-MS and GC-MS [1]. The stability of the extracts was monitored during storage for 6 months at 22 and 40 °C under protection from light [1]. The decomposition of individual compounds was mainly observed in the presence of residual water in the extracts [1].
The second part of this thesis was the development of a stable hard capsule formulation with the resulting supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Curcuma longa L. with optimum yield at 425 bar and 75 °C. Freeze drying of the supercritical carbon dioxide extract was found to increase the compatibility of the extract with the hard gelatine capsule shell. 4 matrix formulations based on hard fat (with and without surface active additives), polyethylene glycol 4000, and mesoporous silica particles were loaded with the freeze-dried extract, and the extract loading capacity was determined. The mesoporous silica particle revealed the highest extract loading capacity (64%) followed by the polyethylene glycol matrix (57%) and the hard fat (19-25%). Storage trials of the developed hard capsule formulations, with extract concentrations 5% below these loading capacities were carried out for 3 months at 22 °C and at temperature cycle. A decrease in concentrations of individual extract compounds was noted especially in the hydrophilic matrix formulations based on polyethylene glycol 4000 and mesoporous silica.