Abstract:
BACKGROUND. Due to many similarities between Behçet´s Disease and autoinflammatory diseases, some authors discuss the categorization of Behçet´s Disease as an autoinflammatory disease.
METHODS. Serum was collected from nine active and ten inactive patients with Behçet´s Disease, five active and five inactive patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and four active and five inactive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 18 healthy controls. Serum levels of Interleukin (IL)-18, S100 A8/A9 and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) were determined by ELISA und compared between the groups. These three biomarkers have been already found increased in autoinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the levels of the three biomarkers were correlated with disease activity, disease severity, CRP and ESR.
RESULTS. Active Behçet´s Disease patients tended to have higher IL-18, S100 A8/A9 and SAA serum levels than inactive Behçet´s Disease patients. However, healthy controls had the highest IL-18 levels of all groups and higher S100 A8/A9 levels than active and also than inactive Behçet´s Disease patients. Among active disease groups RA patients by far had the highest IL-18, S100 A8/A9 and SAA levels. S100 A8/A9 and SAA correlated well with disease activity of Behçet´s Disease and with CRP and ESR.
CONCLUSIONS. The slightly higher IL-18, S100 A8/A9 and SAA levels of active Behçet´s Disease patients, compared to the levels of inactive Behçet´s Disease patients, might be a hint of Behçet´s Disease possibly being an autoinflammatory disease. The high IL-18 and S100 A8/A9 levels of our healthy controls contradict this assumption. Hence, Behçet´s Disease may in fact be an “intermediate disease”, lying between classical autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases. The high biomarker levels in rheumatoid arthritis could indicate an autoinflammatory component. Both, S100 A8/A9 and SAA, could be used as markers of disease activity in Behçet´s Disease.