Abstract:
This dissertation presents theoretical and empirical analyses in order to provide some new answers to three questions of migration research: What determines migration? Who migrates? How does migration impact on the sending countries? A common feature of the presented analyses is that they consider specific heterogeneities of migrants and non-migrants. The dissertation contains seven analytical chapters as well as an introduction and some concluding remarks. The analytical chapters deal with three different topics:
1. The Relationship between Occupational Status and Migration
Within a theoretical model framework it is demonstrated that the reduction of occupational stigma may constitute a motive for migration for skilled workers. Yet, this hypothesis has to be rejected in econometric analyses on the basis of micro-level data on internal migration in Germany in the period 2001-2009.
2. Network Effects in Migration
Based on econometric analyses relying on a macro-level dataset, it is shown that the migration flows of different foreign nationals to Spain in the period 1997-2006 were not only influenced by the existing networks of co-national migrants, but also by the existing networks of migrants from other nationalities. For the network of co-national migrants it can furthermore be shown that the positive effect of the network on follow-up migration differed across the different Spanish regions. In addition, the network of co-national migrants is found to have exerted a negative effect on the skill structure of follow-up migration.
3. Occupation-specific South-North Migration
Using a newly established macro-level dataset on south-north migration by occupational category for the year 2000, the migration of workers from developing countries to the OECD is analyzed. The results from econometric analyses on the basis of these data reject the hypothesis of a brain gain effect. The prospect of migration to the OECD, accounted for by occupation-specific emigration rates, is found to have negatively impacted on tertiary enrollment in developing origin countries.