Abstract:
Background: The pattern of course of the fetal heart rate serves as an important diagnostic parameter for fetal monitoring during pregnancy and labour. In clinical routine it is continuously recorded and evaluated via doppler-sonography while tracing a cardiotocogram. By doing so, the maternal pulse can misleadingly be registered instead of the fetal heart rate, a bias that can lead to misinterpretation of fetal condition. Unnecessary medical intervention as well as neonatal asphyxia to the point of fetal demise can result as a consequence of this. To date, the continuous tracing of the maternal pulse isn’t extensively used, not least to avoid discomfort and further disease mongering of pregnancy and labour for the patient.
Aim: To evaluate a modified tocography transducer (Philips Medizin Systeme GmbH) in clinical routine, which continually registers the maternal pulse via two implemented infrared diodes. This signal is being compared with the fetal heart rate by coincidence analysis.
Methods: Having obtained the patient’s informed consent a standard thoracic ecg as well as a cardiotocogram using the modified transducer were being conducted simultaneously for a period of 30 minutes. Data was analysed regarding quality and quantity, in which quality was defined as the degree of accordance between abdominal pulse signal and the heart rate registered via the standard ecg, quantity as the fraction of actual measurement time of the abdominal sensor compared with the theoretically possible time, i. e. 30 minutes. These two command variables were primarily identified for an antepartal reference population and were then investigated with respect to possible actuating variables (BMI, skin colour, gestational age, maternal position while tracing and anomalies of the abdominal skin where the transducer was applied) to see, whether the method was only suitable for a specific population. Additionally the method was evaluated intra partum.
Results: The antepartal reference population (n=89) showed an average variation of the abdominal pulse signal of 0,16 bpm (SD 2,12) compared to the standard ecg. Looking at a tracing of 30 min the average measurement quality was 96,94 % (SD 3,23) with a 95 % confidence interval of 96,26-97,62 %. Quality of each of the reviewed actuating variables was located either within this 95% confidence interval or differed only marginally. The intra partum measurements (n=16) showed a reduced quality with an average of 92,42 % (SD 9,27).
Tracing quantity of the reference population was 86,13 % (SD 14,58) on average with a 95 % confidence interval of 83,06-89,21 %. Concerning the reviewed actuating variables the average quantity lay within or faintly above this 95 % confidence interval. Intra partum, the average quantity was 75,97 % (SD 19,27) and therefore as well as the quality for this populations’ measurements considerably decreased compared to the antepartal reference population.
Conclusion: The evaluated new method to monitor the maternal pulse via an abdominal device while tracing a cardiotocogram registers the maternal heart rate – independent of any of the reviewed actuating variables – ante partum with reliable quality and sufficient quantity. It also offers a high degree of comfort to the patient with the device being integrated in the tocography transducer. The intra partum measurements showed decreased quality as well as quantity. This might inter alia be due to the relative restlessness of the patient being in labour, as in this study the tracing of the maternal pulse signal was not visible to the investigator and therefore a correction of the transducer position in the face of worse tracking conditions was impossible.