Abstract:
Despite intensive research, the reason for development of lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is not entirely understood. Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with autoreactive T-cells that target myelin constituents in the CNS. These T-cells induce an inflammatory process, causing a secondary recruitment of macrophages. The inflammatory process destroys the myelin, leading to clinical symptoms of MS.
In expression analyses with Affymetrix® Genarrays in the animal model of Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), a clear upregulation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in lymphocytes and in the CNS in rats, was found. From that discovery, the expression and significance of CXCR4 and its ligand, CXCL12 (SDF1), were scrutinized.
Cells of EAE animals and cells of control animals (with respective receptors and ligands) were examined using three technological approaches: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Magnetic Cell Separation (MACS). Using these methods, ways to influence the expression of CXCR4 and its ligand were determined.
The research intended to reveal the correlation between EAE susceptibility in genetically different rat species and the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12. The expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 was examined in different organs and organ systems, including the lymphatics, CNS, spleen, blood, bone marrow, and spinal cord. As a result, gene expression profiles for CXCR4 and CXCL12 in different organs and cell populations in EAE could be established, correlating with the susceptibility of MS. Not only the coherence between the level of affection and the species affiliation was demonstrated, but also the effects of different immunizations on the disease in different species.
These results indicate further factors that could play a crucial role in the development of MS and possibly lead to novel therapeutic interventions.