Abstract:
After unilateral lesioning either of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) or the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) or combined unilateral lesioning of both structures, the resulting changes in electrophysiological activity of the basal ganglia in the rat were investigated by using in vivo extracellular single-unit recordings. This study was performed in order to search for further indications for similar pathophysiological mechanisms of akinesia and parkinsonism induced by nigrostriatal dopaminergic depletion and akinesia after lesioning of the PPN as observed in primates.
After lesioning of the PPN, hyperactivity was observed in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the (external) globus pallidus (GP). Similar changes took place after lesioning the SNc. This strengthens the hypothesis of a common origin of the occurring motor deficits, such as a hypoactivity of dopaminergic neurons of the SNc, which could be evoked by vanishing of the excitatory projections from the PPN to the SNc. In this way, lesioning the PPN could induce a situation similar to the depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc after lesioning of the SNc.
After lesioning the SNc, in accordance to former studies, a strong hyperactivity of the STN could be shown. In contradiction to other studies, we observed no hypoactivity in the GP, but an increased electrophysiological activity. As a consequence of this result, the STN-hyperactivity would not have its origin, as often postulated, in hypoactivity of and reduced inhibitory projections from GP, but rather in changes of activity of thalamus, PPN, SNc or cortex. The PPN also showed hyperactivity, which may take part in motor deficits in Parkinson’s disease.
After combined lesion of SNc and PPN we observed a far-reaching normalization of the activity of the basal ganglia, no hyperactivity could be shown in STN or GP. This loss of activity in comparison to single lesioning of the SNc is likely to be induced by the lack of excitatory input from the PPN on the STN.
This result could open up a new possibility of reduction of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease by influencing the activity of the PPN. In this way, inhibiting the PPN could represent a new therapeutical pathway in treatment of Parkinson’s disease.