Abstract:
Digitalisation affects many areas of everyday life and has long since arrived in higher education: Electronic systems make it possible to book courses, organise studies and provide course materials; lecture recordings and video conferences complement (or even replace) classroom teaching and social media platforms enable a new type of social networking and collaboration within the framework of studies.
Research on digital media use at universities, in a national and international context, has indicated a wide distribution and use of digital media in the education context.
However, this type of research is often limited to descriptive elements and is not integrated into higher education models of study success factors. On the other hand, research based on these models, which are already well established for factors such as goal orientation, self-efficacy or social background, for instance, often ignores the prevalence of digital media in higher education and therefore potentially appears to be no longer fully adapted to contemporary university studies.
Thus, the aim of the present dissertation is therefore to investigate the use and relevance of digital media in contemporary German university studies, based on current data from 2018 and an interdisciplinary theoretical perspective on factors of academic success.
On the basis of social cognitive theory, a model for academic achievement was used. This model was extended by digital media self-efficacy and digital media behaviour.
In this dissertation, this model and the results of four empirical studies are discussed. First, a suitable questionnaire instrument was developed and psychometrically tested. The data was then used to identify media user types among students. In a multi-stage analysis, the influences of, for example, self-efficacy, social backgrounds and digital media use on academic achievement were then examined. Finally, subject differences regarding study-related technology use were analysed.
The results showed first indications that certain patterns of media use, which are characterised, for example, by a high level of scepticism towards digital media combined with a high level of interest and (self-assessed) skills, can have a positive effect on academic performance.
Regarding media-related self-efficacy, the assumed high relevance of the construct is confirmed, especially for the analysis of digital media-related behaviour and attitudes. In addition, this offers possible starting points for interventions.
In this regard, the theoretically well-founded and newly developed scale for digital media self-efficacy can be easily implemented.
Furthermore, the results show that socioeconomic differences still exist in academic self-efficacy, the associated goal orientations and academic performance.
However, an influence of social background was not observed for digital media self-efficacy.
On the other hand, clear gender-related differences were evident for digital media self-efficacy and for academic self-efficacy and different types of media use.
Overall, the results of this dissertation provide a comprehensive insight into student (media) behaviour in the modern university context, possible determinants of academic achievement and group-specific differences (e.g. regarding gender, subject or socioeconomic background).
These findings are of practical value, for example, for curriculum planning and for identifying opportunities and barriers to the integration of technologies in the study context -- especially in the transition to digital teaching formats, as has often been necessary, for example, in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Altogether, the studies carried out in the context of this dissertation lead to a significant gain in knowledge for research in higher education and offer various opportunities for further research and practice at universities.